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project_lyta_materials_research [2007-06-18 13:02] – nik | project_lyta_materials_research [2015-06-06 11:52] (current) – [RC Servo] nik | ||
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====== Generalities ====== | ====== Generalities ====== | ||
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* Performance requirements | * Performance requirements | ||
- | * Force Control in Displacement (>1 cm | + | * Force Control in Displacement (>1 cm) |
- | * Smoothness, minimum vibration needed to perceive a stimulus (ideal 250Hz | + | * Smoothness, minimum vibration needed to perceive a stimulus (ideal 250Hz) |
- | * Speed and Bandwidth: Response time (<1 sec | + | * Speed and Bandwidth: Response time (<1 sec) |
- | * Resolution (<3 cm | + | * Resolution (<3 cm) |
* Fabrication issues | * Fabrication issues | ||
- | * Parts (< 10 euro/ | + | * Parts (< 10 euro/taxel) |
- | * Labor (?? | + | * Labor (??) |
- | * Assembly (time and difficulty | + | * Assembly (time and difficulty) |
- | * Durability (child-proofness | + | * Durability (child-proofness) |
* Maintenance | * Maintenance | ||
* Efficiency: Power consumption | * Efficiency: Power consumption | ||
* Quiescent power consumption should be low | * Quiescent power consumption should be low | ||
* Active power consumption should be not too high | * Active power consumption should be not too high | ||
- | * Especially for electrical actuators (<10W? | + | * Especially for electrical actuators (<10W?) |
* Consider limiting the number of possibly simultaneously active taxels to <100% | * Consider limiting the number of possibly simultaneously active taxels to <100% | ||
- | * Heat dissipation (see Power above | + | * Heat dissipation (see Power above) |
* Safety | * Safety | ||
* Physical Dimension | * Physical Dimension | ||
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* Mondotronix Bulk SMA Filament/ | * Mondotronix Bulk SMA Filament/ | ||
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==== Pneumatic ==== | ==== Pneumatic ==== | ||
- | {{http:// | + | {{http:// |
[[http:// | [[http:// | ||
* (http:// | * (http:// | ||
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* Air Bladder Actuators | * Air Bladder Actuators | ||
- | {{http:// | + | {{http:// |
[[http:// | [[http:// | ||
* (http:// | * (http:// | ||
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* Shadow Air Muscles | * Shadow Air Muscles | ||
- | [[/ | + | http:// |
* (http:// | * (http:// | ||
* In single quantities, $17 plus $18 for a (SMA-based) valve. | * In single quantities, $17 plus $18 for a (SMA-based) valve. | ||
* Another model | * Another model | ||
- | |||
- | |||
* Air Muscles | * Air Muscles | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* Robot store UK | * Robot store UK | ||
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* Other Pneumatic Suppliers | * Other Pneumatic Suppliers | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | [[http:// | ||
* as used in current muscles | * as used in current muscles | ||
| | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
* similar but smaller (and much more expensive i think | * similar but smaller (and much more expensive i think | ||
http:// | http:// | ||
- | |||
* Flow Control Valves | * Flow Control Valves | ||
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==== Piezo ==== | ==== Piezo ==== | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
* Piezo Motor/ | * Piezo Motor/ | ||
* Piezos: Piezo-Industrial Meisters : See http:// | * Piezos: Piezo-Industrial Meisters : See http:// | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | * Piezoelectric Composites (Actuators+Sensors): | + | * Piezoelectric Composites (Actuators+Sensors): |
- | | + | |
- | > Materials > Adaptive Materials Systems | + | |
[[http:// | [[http:// | ||
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image: | image: | ||
- | | + | {{http:// |
==== RC Servo ==== | ==== RC Servo ==== | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
==== Polymer ==== | ==== Polymer ==== | ||
- | [[https:// | + | |
- | | + | * polymer actuators: http:// |
- | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | * polymer actuators: | + | |
- | http:// | + | |
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==== Piezo ==== | ==== Piezo ==== | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* Piezo Generator/ | * Piezo Generator/ | ||
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- | [[http:// | + | |
- | | + | |
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[[http:// | [[http:// | ||
* (http:// | * (http:// | ||
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- | {{http:// | + | {{http:// |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | * | + | * http:// |
- | * Activation requires about 1V/5A (5W | + | * Activation requires about 1V/5A (5W) |
* 2 cm throw | * 2 cm throw | ||
* Moderate actuation time should allow some rough positioning. | * Moderate actuation time should allow some rough positioning. | ||
- | | + | **Very** sturdy looking. |
- | | + | **Temperature** |
- | | + | |
- | * Conclusion: Tricky balance between power, heat, and actuation time. | + | |
- | | + | **Actuation time** |
+ | * Drawbacks: | ||
+ | * Conclusion: Tricky balance between power, heat, and actuation time. | ||
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- | {{http:// | + | {{http:// |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | * Retail: | + | |
- | http:// | + | * Retail: |
* mondotronics also distribute in quantity. | * mondotronics also distribute in quantity. | ||
* The nanomuscle version embeds key parts of the electronics, | * The nanomuscle version embeds key parts of the electronics, | ||
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* Note: 5-pack costs $100 = $20 x 5. Presumably in volume we could do better. | * Note: 5-pack costs $100 = $20 x 5. Presumably in volume we could do better. | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
* Manufacturer' | * Manufacturer' | ||
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{{http:// | {{http:// | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* available here | * available here | ||
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- | [[http:// | ||
* L' | * L' | ||
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- | {{http:// | + | {{http:// |
* One concern with these devices: they cannot be left powered for too long, or they will overheat. | * One concern with these devices: they cannot be left powered for too long, or they will overheat. | ||
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===== Pneumatic ===== | ===== Pneumatic ===== | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* A Shadow robot company project PNEUMATIC INSECT. | * A Shadow robot company project PNEUMATIC INSECT. | ||
http:// | http:// | ||
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- | **beautiful**[[http:// | + | **beautiful** |
* Shop by picture: | * Shop by picture: | ||
| | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
* Fluidic muscles: | * Fluidic muscles: | ||
http:// | http:// | ||
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- | [[http:// | ||
* L' | * L' | ||
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- | {{http:// | + | {{http:// |
* Unlike some similar products, these might be cheap enough. | * Unlike some similar products, these might be cheap enough. | ||
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- | {{http:// | + | {{http:// |
- | [[http:// | + | |
* Also | * Also | ||
http:// | http:// | ||
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- | {{http:// | + | {{http:// |
- | [[http:// | ||
* Robot store UK | * Robot store UK | ||
| | ||
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[[http:// | [[http:// | ||
* (http:// | * (http:// | ||
- | * Changes resistance as it stretches (100 Ohm/cm | + | * Changes resistance as it stretches (100 Ohm/cm) |
* The Merlin stretch sensor: | * The Merlin stretch sensor: | ||
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===== Piezo ===== | ===== Piezo ===== | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* Piezo Motor/ | * Piezo Motor/ | ||
* Une Image: | * Une Image: | ||
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- | {{http:// | + | {{http:// |
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* Many other RC servo suppliers | * Many other RC servo suppliers | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* RC servo basics: | * RC servo basics: | ||
http:// | http:// | ||
* Une Image: | * Une Image: | ||
- | {{http:// | + | {{http:// |
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===== Electric other ===== | ===== Electric other ===== | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* A linear motor primer: | * A linear motor primer: | ||
| | ||
- | |||
- | [[http:// | ||
* Brushless linear actuators: | * Brushless linear actuators: | ||
- | | + | http:// |
- | | + | (5-6 mm displacement, |
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- | {{http:// | + | {{http:// |
- | < | + | |
- | (. | + | |
- | </ | ||
* These seem to draw a great deal of power, however. | * These seem to draw a great deal of power, however. | ||
- | | + | * http:// |
- | | + | |
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- | {{http:// | + | {{http:// |
- | (. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
| | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* Coil Solenoids from Detroit Coil: | * Coil Solenoids from Detroit Coil: | ||
http:// | http:// | ||
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- | [[http:// | ||
* Vibro Tactile Actuators: Tacter, VIBROTACTILE TRANSDUCERS: | * Vibro Tactile Actuators: Tacter, VIBROTACTILE TRANSDUCERS: | ||
http:// | http:// | ||
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===== Polymer ===== | ===== Polymer ===== | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* NASA's Worldwide electroactive polymer actuator webhub: | * NASA's Worldwide electroactive polymer actuator webhub: | ||
- | http:// | + | http:// |
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- | [[http:// | ||
* Page (in japanese) showing a prototype braille tactile display based on electroactive polymer actuators: | * Page (in japanese) showing a prototype braille tactile display based on electroactive polymer actuators: | ||
- | | + | |
- | * Artificial muscles and miscle fibres made with ion-conductive polymers and EAPs: fromhttp:// | + | * Artificial muscles and miscle fibres made with ion-conductive polymers and EAPs: from http:// |
- | |||
- | [[http:// | ||
* Prototype actuator arrays made from shape memory alloys and electrorheological sandwiches: | * Prototype actuator arrays made from shape memory alloys and electrorheological sandwiches: | ||
- | http:// | + | http:// |
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===== Push-Pull Cables ===== | ===== Push-Pull Cables ===== | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* e.g. http:// | * e.g. http:// | ||
* Advantage: isolate electromechanical elements from panels | * Advantage: isolate electromechanical elements from panels | ||
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===== Other Actuator Tech ===== | ===== Other Actuator Tech ===== | ||
- | [[/ | + | [[Actuator Technology]] |
====== Sensors ====== | ====== Sensors ====== | ||
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[[http:// | [[http:// | ||
* (http:// | * (http:// | ||
- | | + | |
+ | | ||
* Notes regarding the construction of a pressure-sensing matrix such as an electronic keyboard: | * Notes regarding the construction of a pressure-sensing matrix such as an electronic keyboard: | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | [[http:// | ||
* Piezo: | * Piezo: | ||
and many other suppliers. | and many other suppliers. | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* Linear-Displacement sensors: | * Linear-Displacement sensors: | ||
- | http:// | + | http:// |
- | **arrays**[[http:// | + | **arrays** [[http:// |
- | * | + | * http:// |
- | [[http:// | + | * http:// |
- | * | + | |
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- | [[http:// | ||
* See e.g. http:// | * See e.g. http:// | ||
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- | |||
- | [[http:// | ||
* Emfit - permanently charged electret film, converts mechanical stress into proportionate electrical energy (and vice versa): | * Emfit - permanently charged electret film, converts mechanical stress into proportionate electrical energy (and vice versa): | ||
| | ||
- | [[/ | + | |
+ | http:// | ||
* - measuring both magnitude and direction of force: | * - measuring both magnitude and direction of force: | ||
- | http:// | + | |
- | [[http:// | + | http:// |
* electex - pressure, bend/ | * electex - pressure, bend/ | ||
| | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* active piezoelectric composites for adaptive material systems (both sensing and actuation): | * active piezoelectric composites for adaptive material systems (both sensing and actuation): | ||
- | http:// | + | http:// |
* tactile sensing | * tactile sensing | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* tactile pressure sensors: | * tactile pressure sensors: | ||
http:// | http:// | ||
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===== Other Sensor Tech ===== | ===== Other Sensor Tech ===== | ||
- | [[/ | + | [[SensorTechnology|]] |
====== Control ====== | ====== Control ====== | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* DMX links: | * DMX links: | ||
- | http:// | + | http:// |
- | [[http:// | + | |
* Basic stamp: | * Basic stamp: | ||
| | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* Conrad' | * Conrad' | ||
- | | + | |
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==== shock absorption ==== | ==== shock absorption ==== | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
* technogel (PU, non toxic): shock absorbant, shape memory, balanced pressure distribution, | * technogel (PU, non toxic): shock absorbant, shape memory, balanced pressure distribution, | ||
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- | [[http:// | + | [[http:// |
- | | + | |
+ | {{http:// | ||
+ | * fluid foam (floam and z-flo), gelastic, intelligel: | ||
+ | | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
- | * liquicell: combination of a low viscosity fluid and strategically placed seal points that control the flow of liquid: | ||
- | http:// | ||
+ | * liquicell: combination of a low viscosity fluid and strategically placed seal points that control the flow of liquid: | ||
+ | http:// | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* different visco-elastic gels: | * different visco-elastic gels: | ||
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==== stretchable materials ==== | ==== stretchable materials ==== | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
* darlexx: Darlexx® Stretch Barrier Laminates Darlexx® is an omni-directional spandex warp knit with a layer of a highly breathable elastic monolithic membrane. Windproof, waterproof, and breathable, Darlexx® provides solutions across a broad spectrum of end-product applications, | * darlexx: Darlexx® Stretch Barrier Laminates Darlexx® is an omni-directional spandex warp knit with a layer of a highly breathable elastic monolithic membrane. Windproof, waterproof, and breathable, Darlexx® provides solutions across a broad spectrum of end-product applications, | ||
- | | + | |
- | [[http:// | ||
* CDXA Elastic laminate composite: A breathable, stretch, 3-layer laminate consisting of a nonwoven base, elongated strands of Lycra® XA® ( a man-made elastomeric fiber), and a nonwoven cover, bonded together with a hot melt adhesive. There are two types: MDXA in which the Lycra XA strands are laid down in the machine direction, which gives the resulting laminate good elasticity in the machine direction; and CDXA in which the elongated strands are laid down in the cross-machine direction, which gives the resulting laminate good stretch and recovery in the cross direction plus strength and stability in the machine direction. Both of these elastic laminate composites can be tailored to suit individual applications. | * CDXA Elastic laminate composite: A breathable, stretch, 3-layer laminate consisting of a nonwoven base, elongated strands of Lycra® XA® ( a man-made elastomeric fiber), and a nonwoven cover, bonded together with a hot melt adhesive. There are two types: MDXA in which the Lycra XA strands are laid down in the machine direction, which gives the resulting laminate good elasticity in the machine direction; and CDXA in which the elongated strands are laid down in the cross-machine direction, which gives the resulting laminate good stretch and recovery in the cross direction plus strength and stability in the machine direction. Both of these elastic laminate composites can be tailored to suit individual applications. | ||
http:// | http:// | ||
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[[http:// | [[http:// | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
* protective elastic films: | * protective elastic films: | ||
| | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
* polyurethane films and sheets: | * polyurethane films and sheets: | ||
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==== chromic materials: ==== | ==== chromic materials: ==== | ||
- | [[http:// | ||
* pressure sensitive liquid crystals, elastic liquid crystal films: | * pressure sensitive liquid crystals, elastic liquid crystal films: | ||
- | | + | |
- | |||
- | [[http:// | ||
* chromic inks, prints and dyes: | * chromic inks, prints and dyes: | ||
http:// | http:// | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
* thermocromic inks and paints: | * thermocromic inks and paints: | ||
http:// | http:// | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
* thermochromic, | * thermochromic, | ||
| | ||
- | [[/ | + | |
* ink from Sherwood technology: | * ink from Sherwood technology: | ||
- | http:// | + | http:// |
- | | + | |
* microencapsulation and liquid crystals from: | * microencapsulation and liquid crystals from: | ||
| | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
* metamo colour: | * metamo colour: | ||
http:// | http:// | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
* thermocolour sheet: | * thermocolour sheet: | ||
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
* multicolour thermocromic pigment: | * multicolour thermocromic pigment: | ||
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Rachel received a data sheet for their piezochromic ink | Rachel received a data sheet for their piezochromic ink | ||
- | [[/ | + | [[Active Material]][[Flexible Displays]] |
+ | |||
+ | [[Materials Textile]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[http:// | ||
also see | also see | ||
- | ActiveMaterials | + | Active Materials |
| | ||
====== More potentially useful stuff ====== | ====== More potentially useful stuff ====== | ||
+ | |||
===== Electronic Supplies and Parts ===== | ===== Electronic Supplies and Parts ===== | ||
- | [[/ | + | [[Electronic Supplier]] |
===== Animatronics ===== | ===== Animatronics ===== | ||
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | * The Animatronic and stop motion studio where Yon's sister works!: | + | * The Animatronic and stop motion studio where Yon's sister works!: |
- | http:// | + | * Blue Point Animatronix: |
- | [[http:// | + | |
- | * Blue Point Animatronix: | + | |
- | | + | |
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- | These are based either on near-field ultrasound tracking, as in mimio | + | These are based either on near-field ultrasound tracking, as in mimio http:// |
- | http:// | + | |
- | | + | |
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We might be able to adopt an array based scanning scheme as used in LCDs. See | We might be able to adopt an array based scanning scheme as used in LCDs. See | ||
- | FlexibleDisplays | + | [[Flexible Displays]] |
for more information on new LCD, OLED and other technologies. | for more information on new LCD, OLED and other technologies. | ||
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* temperature can aid a lot in the perception of touch. This extremely interesting research area has not yet yielded satisfactory results for purposes of tactile shape recognition up to the beginning of 2004. | * temperature can aid a lot in the perception of touch. This extremely interesting research area has not yet yielded satisfactory results for purposes of tactile shape recognition up to the beginning of 2004. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
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* how do we know if the person on the other side of the display is nervous, or has just entered the house after a massive rain-pour? | * how do we know if the person on the other side of the display is nervous, or has just entered the house after a massive rain-pour? | ||
- | [[http:// | + | {{ActuatorTable.xls}} |
- | * (ActuatorTable.xls | + | |
- | + |